(noch nicht übersetzt)

Problem 909

An L-expression is defined as any one of the following:

  • a natural number;
  • the symbol A;
  • the symbol Z;
  • the symbol S;
  • a pair of L-expressions u,v, which is written as u(v).

An L-expression can be transformed according to the following rules:

  • A(x)x+1 for any natural number x;
  • Z(u)(v)v for any L-expressions u,v;
  • S(u)(v)(w)v(u(v)(w)) for any L-expressions u,v,w.

For example, after applying all possible rules, the L-expression S(Z)(A)(0) is transformed to the number 1: S(Z)(A)(0)A(Z(A)(0))A(0)1. Similarly, the L-expression S(S)(S(S))(S(Z))(A)(0) is transformed to the number 6 after applying all possible rules.

Find the result of the L-expression S(S)(S(S))(S(S))(S(Z))(A)(0) after applying all possible rules. Give the last nine digits as your answer.

Note: it can be proved that the L-expression in question can only be transformed a finite number of times, and the final result does not depend on the order of the transformations.