Different Dice (noch nicht übersetzt)

Problem 863

Using only a six-sided fair dice and a five-sided fair dice, we would like to emulate an n-sided fair dice.

For example, one way to emulate a 28-sided dice is to follow this procedure:

  1. Roll both dice, obtaining integers 1p6 and 1q5.
  2. Combine them using r=5(p1)+q to obtain an integer 1r30.
  3. If r28, return the value r and stop.
  4. Otherwise (r being 29 or 30), roll both dice again, obtaining integers 1s6 and 1t5.
  5. Compute u=30(r29)+5(s1)+t to obtain an integer 1u60.
  6. If u>4, return the value ((u5)mod28)+1 and stop.
  7. Otherwise (with 1u4), roll the six-sided dice twice, obtaining integers 1v6 and 1w6.
  8. Compute x=36(u1)+6(v1)+w to obtain an integer 1x144.
  9. If x>4, return the value ((x5)mod28)+1 and stop.
  10. Otherwise (with 1x4), assign u:=x and go back to step 7.

The expected number of dice rolls in following this procedure is 2.142476 (rounded to 6 decimal places). Note that rolling both dice at the same time is still counted as two dice rolls.

There exist other more complex procedures for emulating a 28-sided dice that entail a smaller average number of dice rolls. However, the above procedure has the attractive property that the sequence of dice rolled is predetermined: regardless of the outcome, it follows (D5,D6,D5,D6,D6,D6,D6,...), truncated wherever the process stops. In fact, amongst procedures for n=28 with this restriction, this one is optimal in the sense of minimising the expected number of rolls needed.

Different values of n will in general use different predetermined sequences. For example, for n=8, the sequence (D5,D5,D5,...) gives an optimal procedure, taking 2.083333... dice rolls on average.

Define R(n) to be the expected number of dice rolls for an optimal procedure for emulating an n-sided dice using only a five-sided and a six-sided dice, considering only those procedures where the sequence of dice rolled is predetermined. So, R(8)2.083333 and R(28)2.142476.

Let S(n)=nk=2R(k). You are given that S(30)56.054622.

Find S(1000). Give your answer rounded to 6 decimal places.