Different Dice (noch nicht übersetzt)
Using only a six-sided fair dice and a five-sided fair dice, we would like to emulate an n-sided fair dice.
For example, one way to emulate a 28-sided dice is to follow this procedure:
- Roll both dice, obtaining integers 1≤p≤6 and 1≤q≤5.
- Combine them using r=5(p−1)+q to obtain an integer 1≤r≤30.
- If r≤28, return the value r and stop.
- Otherwise (r being 29 or 30), roll both dice again, obtaining integers 1≤s≤6 and 1≤t≤5.
- Compute u=30(r−29)+5(s−1)+t to obtain an integer 1≤u≤60.
- If u>4, return the value ((u−5)mod28)+1 and stop.
- Otherwise (with 1≤u≤4), roll the six-sided dice twice, obtaining integers 1≤v≤6 and 1≤w≤6.
- Compute x=36(u−1)+6(v−1)+w to obtain an integer 1≤x≤144.
- If x>4, return the value ((x−5)mod28)+1 and stop.
- Otherwise (with 1≤x≤4), assign u:=x and go back to step 7.
The expected number of dice rolls in following this procedure is 2.142476 (rounded to 6 decimal places). Note that rolling both dice at the same time is still counted as two dice rolls.
There exist other more complex procedures for emulating a 28-sided dice that entail a smaller average number of dice rolls. However, the above procedure has the attractive property that the sequence of dice rolled is predetermined: regardless of the outcome, it follows (D5,D6,D5,D6,D6,D6,D6,...), truncated wherever the process stops. In fact, amongst procedures for n=28 with this restriction, this one is optimal in the sense of minimising the expected number of rolls needed.
Different values of n will in general use different predetermined sequences. For example, for n=8, the sequence (D5,D5,D5,...) gives an optimal procedure, taking 2.083333... dice rolls on average.
Define R(n) to be the expected number of dice rolls for an optimal procedure for emulating an n-sided dice using only a five-sided and a six-sided dice, considering only those procedures where the sequence of dice rolled is predetermined. So, R(8)≈2.083333 and R(28)≈2.142476.
Let S(n)=n∑k=2R(k). You are given that S(30)≈56.054622.
Find S(1000). Give your answer rounded to 6 decimal places.